bisnisrakyat.id -Waste is the residue of the production process which if disposed of directly can cause environmental pollution problems. In fisheries activities, especially fisheries processing, various types of waste are produced from the processing process itself. Therefore, by handling waste, it can reduce environmental problems because many pollutants accumulate and have a negative impact on the environment.
Primary processing of fishery wastewater is carried out to destroy, precipitate, and separate waste particles (Sahubawa and Puspita, 2020). Handling of liquid waste can determine the limit of contamination load that is still safe if discharged into the environment by determining the quality standards of liquid waste. Wastewater quality standards are limits or measures of the levels of contaminating elements and or the amount of contaminating elements that are tolerated in wastewater that will be discharged into water sources from an activity (Herlambang, 2016).
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Liquid waste has characteristics that can be known based on several parameters. According to Gonzales (1996), the characteristics of fisheries wastewater consist of BOD, COD, oil/fat, total solids, and TSS. BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) is used to estimate the oxygen demand for the oxidation process of organic matter with aerobic metabolism by microbes. Meanwhile, according to Sahubawa and Puspita (2016), the characteristics of fisheries liquid waste include BOD5, TSS, waste discharge, and oil/fat.
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In fisheries effluent, COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) is used as an alternative to determine the estimation of organic components in wastewater. Furthermore, BOD is derived from carbon compounds used as substrates by aerobic microorganisms, and nitrogen compounds that are usually present in fisheries wastewater. The BOD5 standard used varies according to the recovery process, about 3 - 200 kg/ton raw fish or an average of 20 kg/ton. Then, oil and grease are sourced from various activities in the industry. The oil/fat load in fish processing is 1 - 75 kg/ton of raw fish. After that, there is TSS from wastewater during processing, which is 5 - 85 kg/ton. As a rule, fishery waste that will be discharged into the environment must meet the quality standard requirements of the environmental components that have been determined from the applicable rules in the province and or national level.
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Handling of liquid waste in an industry must be considered, therefore it is necessary to have regulations governing the handling of liquid waste. The government has issued several regulations, such as; Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001 concerning water quality classification, Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 110 of 2003 concerning guidelines for determining the capacity of water pollution load on water sources, and Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 115 of 2003 concerning guidelines for determining water quality status.