Food coloring is one of the additives commonly used in the food industry to enhance the visual appeal of products. One widely used synthetic dye is tartrazine, also known as E102. This coloring provides a bright yellow hue and is often found in foods, beverages, and pharmaceutical products. However, its usage must adhere to established limits to protect consumers from potential health risks. In Indonesia, the limits on tartrazine usage are regulated by the National Agency of Drug and Food Control (BPOM).
Tartrazine is a water-soluble synthetic azo dye widely used in the food industry. This coloring is commonly found in products such as soft drinks, candies, baked goods, snacks, and ice cream. Tartrazine is also used in some non-food items, such as cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
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While tartrazine provides benefits in enhancing product appeal, its use has long been a concern due to potential side effects. Some studies indicate that excessive consumption of tartrazine may cause allergic reactions, hyperactivity in children, and other health issues.
BPOM has established strict regulations regarding the use of food colorings, including tartrazine. These regulations are outlined in BPOM Regulation Number 11 of 2019 concerning Food Additives. According to these rules, tartrazine is permitted in various food categories but with specified maximum limits.
The maximum allowable tartrazine usage varies depending on the type of food product. Below are some examples of food categories and their usage limits:
Carbonated Beverages: Maximum 100 mg/kg.
Candy: Maximum 300 mg/kg.
Baked Goods and Cakes: Maximum 200 mg/kg.
Ice Cream and Dairy Products: Maximum 150 mg/kg.
Breakfast Cereals: Maximum 50 mg/kg.
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Manufacturers are required to ensure that the tartrazine content in their products does not exceed the specified maximum limits. In addition, product labeling must disclose the use of tartrazine to provide clear information to consumers.
Exceeding the safe limits for tartrazine use can pose various health risks. Below are some side effects associated with tartrazine consumption:
Allergic Reactions: Tartrazine may cause allergic reactions, such as skin rashes, itching, and swelling in some individuals.
Hyperactivity in Children: Studies suggest that tartrazine can exacerbate hyperactivity symptoms in children, particularly those with attention disorders (ADHD).
Digestive Issues: Excessive consumption may lead to problems such as nausea and diarrhea.
Carcinogenic Effects: Although evidence is inconclusive, some studies indicate that synthetic azo dyes may have long-term carcinogenic potential.
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BPOM continues to monitor the use of food additives, including tartrazine. Food manufacturers are required to comply with applicable regulations and report their product compositions. Additionally, BPOM actively educates the public on the importance of reading product labels and understanding the risks of food additives.